A Taxonomy for Congestion Control Algorithms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

One of the main criteria in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that has attracted the researchers' consideration is congestion control. Accordingly, many algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the congestion problem, although it is hard to find an appropriate algorithm for applications and safety messages among them. Safety messages encompass beacons and event-driven messages. Delay and reliability are essential requirements for event-driven messages. In crowded networks where beacon messages are broadcasted at a high number of frequencies by many vehicles, the Control Channel (CCH), which used for beacons sending, will be easily congested. On the other hand, to guarantee the reliability and timely delivery of event-driven messages, having a congestion free control channel is a necessity. Thus, consideration of this study is given to find a solution for the congestion problem in VANETs by taking a comprehensive look at the existent congestion control algorithms. In addition, the taxonomy for congestion control algorithms in VANETs is presented based on three classes, namely, proactive, reactive and hybrid. Finally, we have found the criteria in which fulfill prerequisite of a good congestion control algorithm

Session Initiation Protocol Attacks and Challenges

In recent years, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has become widely used in current internet protocols. It is a text-based protocol much like Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP). SIP is a strong enough signaling protocol on the internet for establishing, maintaining, and terminating session. In this paper the areas of security and attacks in SIP are discussed. We consider attacks from diverse related perspectives. The authentication schemes are compared, the representative existing solutions are highlighted, and several remaining research challenges are identified. Finally, the taxonomy of SIP threat will be presented

A review of Islamic credit card models in Malaysia

Islamic credit card or better known as Credit Card-i is one of the alternative banking products introduced by Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia to substitute the conventional credit card. This paper aims at reviewing the structures and instruments applied by Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia from Shariah Compliance perspectives. The instruments include tawarruk, inah, and ujrah. The method used is descriptive and positive analytical criticism which aims at improving the existing structure

Maternal anxiety during universal newborn hearing screening at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal anxiety during Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A sample of 50 mothers who had given birth at HUSM was surveyed using a set of questionnaire. The instruments were based upon demographic profile, knowledge about hearing screening and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). BAI is a set of questionnaire used to assess the level of maternal anxiety. The data was coded and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed Rank Test of SPSS version 11.5. The findings indicated that majority of the mothers were having mild anxiety during the first screening and before they undergone the second screening. The result also showed that there was significant difference of maternal anxiety level between the first screenings and before the second screening. There was also significant difference in the level of maternal anxiety between mothers whose babies failed the first screening and passed the second screening. Even though both results showed that there was a significant reduction in the level of maternal anxiety, but some of them are still in anxiety state. Therefore, actions need to be taken to improve the failure rate in UNHS

A comparative study on the press freedom in Malaysia and the United Kingdom / Noor Rafidah Mohammad Morzuki and Noor Rafidah Mohammad Morzuki

This research is about a comparison of press freedom between Malaysia and UK. In these new era, world of journalist in Malaysia become more complex and dilemma to deal with too many restriction and interference of government give the press a limited freedom in reporting news. This project is aim for the possibility to enforce UK law into Malaysia scenario does press can publish more news in public interest not only for certain political interest. This research did not touch about a sensitivity issues and political interest. This research about a press freedom generally. The aim of this research is to examine the scope and the limitation of Article 10 of Federal Constitution in Malaysia and Article 10 of European Convention of Human Rights incorporated with Section 12 of HRA. The writers also focus on the ground whether Government of Malaysia and UK is controlling their freedom

The beneficial of wetland Tanjung Piai to community

Wetlands are one of the natural resources that can be seen are suffering for the past few years from human activities. The destruction of wetlands not only came from human activities but also from natural event such as continuous erosion that occurs at Tanjung Piai. The destruction of wetlands not only occurs in Malaysia but also in other country. The study was carried out at wetlands located in Tanjung Piai to identify the beneficial of wetland Tanjung Piai to community and wildlife. For the past few years, problem related to water such as flooding and water pollution worsen but wetlands seems to be one of the method to reduce these events. Wetland becomes storage area that accepts rainwater that cannot be accepted by river. Water that went through as groundwater recharge will go through filtration first thus, reducing the unwanted material in the water. Other than that wetland also acts as habitat for animals and measures to reduce erosion. Despite of the benefit of wetlands to community, wetland suffers from pollution, extinction of the mangrove and climate change. The study was carried out through observation and interview on the person in charge of the Tanjung Piai wetland. The objectives of the study are to identify the benefit of the wetland, problems that was suffered by wetland and measures to make sure wetland are in good condition

NEW RETIREMENT POLICY AND IMPACT TOWARDS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT PREPARATIONS: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE

When CUEPACS called for Malaysian Government to increase the retirement age from 56 to 60, many believes that the bold moves provides more rooms for the civil servants to have prudent financial security for the retirement preparation. On 1st July 2008, government has approved the raising of retirement age from 56 to 58 years old and it was gazetted in PKPA 6/2008 (Reference No: JPA/PEN/228/25/1/Jld 4). However, many research shows that there are mixture feeling between those who prefer to retire early and those who do not. This paper aims to look at the association between the effects of new retirement age policy with the variables. This study involves 200 public sector employees from Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) Headquarter in Kuala Lumpur as our respondents using questionnaire. Our objectives are (1) we want to determine whether there are relationship between new retirement age with job performance, career advancement, financial security and also job satisfaction, (2) what is the level of perception among the public sector employees on the factors affected by the new retirement age policy. The findings show that there are positive relationship between the new retirement age with job performance, career advancement, financial security and job satisfaction. Job performance and job satisfaction shows a moderate relationship with the value of 0.424 and 0.576 while career advancement and financial security shows a low relationship with the value of 0.256 and 0.388. High total mean score of career advancement (4.0286) and job performance (3.9075) shows that these two factors are highly affected by the new retirement age policy while financial security and also job satisfaction have moderate mean scores. We also found out that the percentage of civil servants that agree to the new retirement age (44%) is not much different from those who disagree (42%)retirement, public sector employees, job performance, financial security, career advancement, job satisfaction

User class mechanisms for quality of service in network mobility

Network mobility basic support (NEMO BS) protocol was introduced by the IETF and allows a mobile network to move and maintain internet sessions. NEMO BS is an extension of mobile IPv6 where the network keeps its home address whilst it is moving. In crowded environments such as trains, the bottleneck is often between the access link and the mobile network. Prioritizing the traffic and allocating a minimum bandwidth guarantee for each user is crucial in this environment. Due to the limited and variable wireless link bandwidth the resource management in mobile network is a challenging problem. A dynamic QoS provisioning framework is designed to provide traffic differentiation according to a user class. Network Simulator, Ns-2 is used to validate the framework and to understand how the mobile network behaves on varies types of applications